### Vital Signs Units of Measurement # OpenOffice 1.1.3 (Writer and Calc) from the document IEEEandUCUM.1c.doc 2006-11-014T15, # "Excerpted from ‘11073-10101-D05e.doc’, dated 2002-12-16 (from Paul Schluter Nov. 3, 2006)" # Copyright (C) IEEE and ISO. # According to http://www.iso.org/iso/copyright.htm a written permission is required before the table can be published. # $Id: IEEEandUCUM.1b.txt 8776 2013-11-14 09:04:48Z roboos $ # This file is part of the biosig project http://biosig.sf.net/ # # "Dimension" "Unit of Measurement" "Symbol (informative)" "UCUM" "Reference ID" "Code (base code)" "Unspecified" "" "?" "{?} {unknown}" 0 "Dimension- less" "1 10*N 10^N {unitless}" "NOM_DIM_DIMLESS" 512 "Decibel" "DB" "dB " "NOM_DIM_DECIBEL" 6448 "10-2 (percent)" "%" "%" "NOM_DIM_PERCENT" 544 "10-3 (part(s) per thousand )" "Ppht" "[ppth]" "NOM_DIM_PARTS_PER_THOUSAND" 576 "10-6 (part(s) per million )" "Ppm" "[ppm]" "NOM_DIM_PARTS_PER_MILLION" 608 "10-9 (part(s) per milliard)" "Ppmd" "10*-9 10^-9" "NOM_DIM_PPMD" 640 "10-12 (part(s) per billion )" "Ppb" "10*-12 10^-12" "NOM_DIM_PARTS_PER_BILLION" 672 "10-18 (part(s) per trillion )" "Ppt" "10*-15 10^-15" "NOM_DIM_PARTS_PER_TRILLION" 704 "- angles" "angle degree" "Degree" "deg" "NOM_DIM_ANG_DEG" 736 "angle radian" "Rad" "rad" "NOM_DIM_ANG_RAD" 768 "- mass fraction" " gram(s) per gram" "g g-1" "g/g" "NOM_DIM_X_G_PER_G" 800 " gram(s) per kilogram" "g kg-1" "g/kg" "NOM_DIM_G_PER_KG" 832 " gram(s) per milligram" "g mg-1" "g/mg" "NOM_DIM_X_G_PER_MG" 6464 "- relative quantity" " mole(s) per mole" "mol mol-1" "mol/mol" "NOM_DIM_X_MOLE_PER_MOLE" 864 "- volume fraction" " litre(s) per litre" "l l-1" "L/L" "NOM_DIM_X_L_PER_L" 896 "cubic metre(s) per cubic metre" "m m-3 " "???" "NOM_DIM_CUBIC_X_M_PER_M_CUBE" 928 "cubic metre(s) per cubic centimetre" "m cm-3" "???" "NOM_DIM_CUBIC_X_M_PER_CM_CUBE" 960 "volume percent" "vol %" "%{vol}" "NOM_DIM_VOL_PERCENT" 6240 "- special vital signs counts" "pH" "PH" "[pH]" "NOM_DIM_PH" 992 "drop" "Drop" "[drp]" "NOM_DIM_DROP" 1024 "red blood cell(s)" "Rbc" "{rbc}" "NOM_DIM_RBC" 1056 "beat" "Beat" "{beat}" "NOM_DIM_BEAT" 1088 "breath" "Breath" "{breath}" "NOM_DIM_BREATH" 1120 "cell" "Cell" "{cell}" "NOM_DIM_CELL" 1152 "cough" "Cough" "{cough}" "NOM_DIM_COUGH" 1184 "sigh" "Sigh" "{sigh}" "NOM_DIM_SIGH" 1216 "percent of packed cell volume" "%PCV" "%{pcv}" "NOM_DIM_PCT_PCV" 1248 "L (length)" " metre(s)" "m [km, mm,etc.]" "m" "NOM_DIM_X_M" 1280 " yard" "Yd" "[yd_i]" "NOM_DIM_X_YARD" 1312 " foot" "Ft" "[ft_i]" "NOM_DIM_X_FOOT" 1344 " inch" "In" "[in_i]" "NOM_DIM_X_INCH" 1376 "L (areic volume)" " litre(s) per square metre" "lm-2" "L/m2" "NOM_DIM_X_L_PER_M_SQ" 1408 "L-1 " "per metre" "m-1 [cm-1 , mm-1 ]" "/m" "NOM_DIM_PER_X_M" 1440 "L-1 T-1" " metre per minute" "[cm , mm ]min-1 " "m/min" "NOM_DIM_X_M_PER_MIN" 6560 "L2 (area)" "square metre(s)" "m2" "m2" "NOM_DIM_SQ_X_M" 1472 "square inch" "in2" "[in_i]2" "NOM_DIM_SQ_X_INCH" 1504 "L-2" "per square metre" "m-2" "/m2" "NOM_DIM_PER_SQ_X_M" 1536 "L3 (volume)" "cubic metre(s)" "m3 [cm3 , mm3 ]" "m3" "NOM_DIM_CUBIC_X_M" 1568 " litre(s)" "l [ml]" "L" "NOM_DIM_X_L" 1600 " litre(s) per breath" "l breath-1" "L/{breath}" "NOM_DIM_X_L_PER_BREATH" 1632 " litre(s) per beat" "l beat-1" "L/{beat}" "NOM_DIM_X_L_PER_BEAT" 6112 "L-3 " "per cubic metre" "m-3 [cm-3 , mm-3 ]" "/m3" "NOM_DIM_PER_CUBIC_X_M" 1664 "per litre" "l-1 [ml-1]" "/L" "NOM_DIM_PER_X_L" 1696 "M (mass)" " gram" "g [kg, mg]" "g" "NOM_DIM_X_G" 1728 " pound" "lb" "[lb_av]" "NOM_DIM_X_LB" 1760 " ounce" "oz" "[oz_av]" "NOM_DIM_X_OZ" 1792 "M-1" "per gram" "g-1 [kg-1 , mg-1 ]" "/g" "NOM_DIM_PER_X_G" 1824 "ML" " gram metre" "g m [kg m]" "g.m" "NOM_DIM_X_G_M" 1856 "ML-1" " gram(s) meter per square metre" "g m m-2 [kg m m-2]" "g.m/m2" "NOM_DIM_X_G_M_PER_M_SQ" 1888 "ML2 (moment of inertia)" " gram metre squared" "kg m2" "kg.m2" "NOM_DIM_X_G_M_SQ" 1920 "ML-2" "kilogram(s) per square metre" "kg m-2" "kg/m2" "NOM_DIM_KG_PER_M_SQ" 1952 "ML-3 (concentration of mass)" " gram(s) per cubic metre" "g m-3 [kg m-3]" "g/m3" "NOM_DIM_X_G_PER_M_CUBE" 1984 " gram(s) per cubic centimetre" "g cm-3" "g/cm3" "NOM_DIM_X_G_PER_CM_CUBE" 2016 " gram(s) per litre" "g l-1" "g/L" "NOM_DIM_X_G_PER_L" 2048 " gram(s) per centilitre" "g cl-3" "g/cL" "NOM_DIM_X_G_PER_CL" 2080 " gram(s) per decilitre" "g dl-3" "g/dL" "NOM_DIM_X_G_PER_DL" 2112 " gram(s) per millilitre" "g ml-3" "g/mL" "NOM_DIM_X_G_PER_ML" 2144 "T (time)" " second" "s [ms, us, ns]" "s" "NOM_DIM_SEC" 2176 "minute" "min" "min" "NOM_DIM_MIN" 2208 "hour" "h" "h" "NOM_DIM_HR" 2240 "day" "d" "d" "NOM_DIM_DAY" 2272 "weeks" "weeks" "wk" "NOM_DIM_WEEKS" 2304 "months" "mth" "mo" "NOM_DIM_MON" 2336 "year" "y" "a" "NOM_DIM_YR" 2368 "time of day - hh:mm:ss" "TOD" "NOM_DIM_TOD" 2400 "date - yyyy-mm-dd" "DATE" "NOM_DIM_DATE" 2432 "T-1 (rate, frequency)" "per second" "s-1" "/s" "NOM_DIM_PER_X_SEC" 2464 "hertz" "Hz" "Hz" "NOM_DIM_HZ" 2496 "per minute" "min-1" "/min" "NOM_DIM_PER_MIN" 2528 "per hour" "h-1" "/h" "NOM_DIM_PER_HR" 2560 "per day" "d-1" "/d" "NOM_DIM_PER_DAY" 2592 "per week" "week-1" "/wk" "NOM_DIM_PER_WK" 2624 "per month" "mth-1" "/mo" "NOM_DIM_PER_MO" 2656 "per year" "y-1" "/a" "NOM_DIM_PER_YR" 2688 "- special vital signs rates" "beat per minute" "bpm" "{beat}/min" "NOM_DIM_BEAT_PER_MIN" 2720 "beat per minute per liter" "bpm l-1" "{beat}/min/L" "NOM_DIM_BEAT_PER_MIN_PER_X_L" 6496 "puls per minute" "puls min-1" "{puls}/min" "NOM_DIM_PULS_PER_MIN" 2752 "respirations per minute" "resp min-1" "{resp}/min" "NOM_DIM_RESP_PER_MIN" 2784 "LT-1 (velocity)" " metre(s) per second" "m s-1" "m/s" "NOM_DIM_X_M_PER_SEC" 2816 "LT-1 (areic volume rate)" " litre(s) per minute per square meter" "l min-1 m-2" "L/min/m2" "NOM_DIM_X_L_PER_MIN_PER_M_SQ" 2848 "square metre(s) per second" "m2 s-1 [cm2 s-1]" "m2/s" "NOM_DIM_SQ_X_M_PER_SEC" 2880 "L3T-1 (volume flow rate)" "cubic metre(s) per second" "m3 s-1" "m3/s" "NOM_DIM_CUBIC_X_M_PER_SEC" 2912 "cubic metre(s) per minute" "m3 min-1" "m3/min" "NOM_DIM_CUBIC_X_M_PER_MIN" 2944 "cubic metre(s) per hour" "m3 h-1" "m3/h" "NOM_DIM_CUBIC_X_M_PER_HR" 2976 "cubic metre(s) per day" "m3 d-1" "m3/d" "NOM_DIM_CUBIC_X_M_PER_DAY" 3008 " litre(s) per second" "l s-1" "L/s" "NOM_DIM_X_L_PER_SEC" 3040 " litre(s) per minute" "l min-1" "L/min" "NOM_DIM_X_L_PER_MIN" 3072 " litre(s) per hour" "l h-1" "L/h" "NOM_DIM_X_L_PER_HR" 3104 " litre(s) per day" "l d-1" "L/d" "NOM_DIM_X_L_PER_DAY" 3136 "L3M-1 (volume content)" " litre(s) per kilogram" "l kg-1" "L/kg" "NOM_DIM_X_L_PER_KG" 3168 "cubic metre(s) per kilogram" "m3 d-1" "m3/kg" "NOM_DIM_CUBIC_X_L_PER_KG" 3200 "L2M-1T (permeability)" " meter per pascal second" "m Pa-1s-1" "m/Pa/s" "NOM_DIM_X_M_PER_PASCAL_SEC" 3232 " litre per min. per millimetre of mercury" "l min-1 mmHG-1" "L/min/mm[Hg]" "NOM_DIM_X_L_PER_MIN_PER_ML_HG" 3264 "MT-1 (mass flow rate)" " gram(s) per second" "g s-1" "g/s" "NOM_DIM_X_G_PER_SEC" 3296 " gram(s) per minute" "g m-1" "g/m" "NOM_DIM_X_G_PER_MIN" 3328 " gram(s) per hour" "g h-1" "g/h" "NOM_DIM_X_G_PER_HR" 3360 " gram(s) per day" "g d-1" "g/d" "NOM_DIM_X_G_PER_DAY" 3392 "MT-1M-1 (mass fraction rate, dosage)" " gram(s) per kilogram per second" "g kg-1 s-1" "g/kg/s" "NOM_DIM_X_G_PER_KG_PER_SEC" 3424 " gram(s) per kilogram per minute" "g kg-1 m-1" "g/kg/min" "NOM_DIM_X_G_PER_KG_PER_MIN" 3456 " gram(s) per kilogram per hour" "g kg-1 h-1" "g/kg/h" "NOM_DIM_X_G_PER_KG_PER_HR" 3488 " gram(s) per kilogram per day" "g kg-1 d-1" "g/kg/d" "NOM_DIM_X_G_PER_KG_PER_DAY" 3520 "L-3MT-1 (mass concentration rate)" " gram (s) per litre per second" "g l-1 s-1" "g/L/s" "NOM_DIM_X_G_PER_L_PER_SEC" 3552 " gram(s) per litre per minute" "g l-1 m-1" "g/L/min" "NOM_DIM_X_G_PER_L_PER_MIN" 3584 " gram(s) per litre per hour" "g l-1 h-1" "g/L/h" "NOM_DIM_X_G_PER_L_PER_HR" 3616 " gram(s) per litre per day" "g l-1 d-1" "g/L/d" "NOM_DIM_X_G_PER_L_PER_DAY" 3648 "L-1MT-1 (dynamic viscosity)" " gram(s) per meter per second" "g m-1 s-1" "g/m/s" "NOM_DIM_X_G_PER_M_PER_SEC" 3680 "LMT-1 (momentum, impulse)" " gram metre(s) per second" "gm s-1" "g.m/s" "NOM_DIM_X_G_M_PER_SEC" 3712 " newton second(s)" "Ns" "NOM_DIM_X_NEWTON_SEC" 3744 "LMT-2 (force)" " newton" "N" "[G]" "NOM_DIM_X_NEWTON" 3776 " dyne" "dyn" "dyn" "NOM_DIM_X_DYNE" 3808 "L-1MT-2 (pressure)" " pascal" "Pa" "Pa" "NOM_DIM_X_PASCAL" 3840 "millimetre(s) of mercury" "mmHg" "mm[Hg]" "NOM_DIM_MMHG" 3872 "centimetre of water" "cm H2O" "cm[H20]" "NOM_DIM_CM_H2O" 3904 " bar" "bar" "bar" "NOM_DIM_X_BAR" 3936 " pounds per square inch" "PSI" "[psi]" "NOM_DIM_PSI" 6592 "L2MT-2 (energy)" " joule(s)" "J" "J" "NOM_DIM_X_JOULES" 3968 " electronvolt(s)" "eV" "eV" "NOM_DIM_EVOLT" 4000 "L2MT-3 (power)" " watt(s)" "W" "W" "NOM_DIM_X_WATT" 4032 "L-4MT-1 (hydraulic impedance)" " pascal second per cubic meter" "Pa s m-3" "Pa.s/m3" "NOM_DIM_X_PASCAL_SEC_PER_M_CUBE" 4064 " pascal second per litre" "Pa s l-1" "Pa.s/L" "NOM_DIM_X_PASCAL_SEC_PER_L" 4096 " dyne second per cm5" "dyn s cm-5" "dyn.s/cm5" "NOM_DIM_X_DYNE_PER_SEC_PER_CM5" 4128 "L4M-1T2 (compliance)" " litre per centimetre of water" "l (cmH2O)-1" "L/cm[H20]" "NOM_DIM_X_L_PER_CM_H2O" 5888 " litre per millimetre of mercury" "l (mmHg)-1" "L/mm[Hg]" "NOM_DIM_X_L_PER_MM_HG" 6272 " litre per pascal" "l Pa-1" "L/Pa" "NOM_DIM_X_L_PER_MM_PA" 6304 "L-44M1T-2 (elastance)" "centimetre of water per litre" "cmH2O l-1" "cm[H20]/L" "NOM_DIM_CM_H2O_PER_L" 6144 "millimetre of mercury per litre" "mmHg l-1" "mm[Hg]/L" "NOM_DIM_MM_HG_PER_X_L" 6336 "pascal per litre" "Pa l-1" "Pa/L" "NOM_DIM_PA_PER_X_L" 6368 "per litre per minute" " l-1 min-1" "L/m" "NOM_DIM_PER_X_L_PER_MIN" 6528 "I (electrical current)" " ampere(s)" "A" "A" "NOM_DIM_X_AMPS" 4160 "IT (electrical charge)" " coulomb(s)" "C" "C" "NOM_DIM_X_COULOMB" 4192 " ampere(s) hour" "Ah" "A.h" "NOM_DIM_X_AMP_HR" 6080 "IL-1 (magnetic field strength)" " ampere(s) per metre" "A m-1" "A/m" "NOM_DIM_X_AMPS_PER_M" 4224 "ML2I-1T-3 (electric potential)" " volt(s)" "V" "V" "NOM_DIM_X_VOLT" 4256 "ML2I-2T-3 (electric resistance)" " ohm(s)" "?" "Ohm" "NOM_DIM_X_OHM" 4288 "ML3I-2T-3 (electrical resistivity)" " ohm metre(s)" "?m" "Ohm/m" "NOM_DIM_X_OHM_M" 4320 "I2T4M-1L-2 (electrical capacitance)" " farad(s)" "F" "F" "NOM_DIM_X_FARAD" 4352 "?(temperature)" "kelvin" "K" "K" "NOM_DIM_KELVIN" 4384 "degree Celcius" "?C" "Cel" "NOM_DIM_DEGC" 6048 "degree Fahrenheit" "?F" "[degF]" "NOM_DIM_FAHR" 4416 "?T3M-1L-2 (thermal resistance)" "kelvin(s) per watt" "K W-1" "K/W" "NOM_DIM_KELVIN_PER_X_WATT" 4448 "J (luminous intensity)" " candela(s)" "cd" "cd" "NOM_DIM_X_CANDELA" 4480 "N (amount of substance)" " osmole(s)" "osmole" "osm" "NOM_DIM_X_OSM" 4512 " mole(s)" "mol" "mol" "NOM_DIM_X_MOLE" 4544 " equivalent" "eq" "eq" "NOM_DIM_X_EQUIV" 4576 "NL-3 (concentration)" " osmoles per litre" "osmol l-1" "osm/L" "NOM_DIM_X_OSM_PER_L" 4608 " mole(s) per cubic centimetre" "mol cm-3" "osm/cm3" "NOM_DIM_X_MOLE_PER_CM_CUBE" 4640 " mole(s) per cubic metre" "mol m-3" "mol/m3" "NOM_DIM_X_MOLE_PER_M_CUBE" 4672 " mole(s) per litre" "mol l-1" "mol/L" "NOM_DIM_X_MOLE_PER_L" 4704 " mole(s) per millilitre" "mol ml-1" "mol/mL" "NOM_DIM_X_MOLE_PER_ML" 4736 " equivalents per cubic centimetre" "eq cm-3" "mol/cm3" "NOM_DIM_X_EQUIV_PER_CM_CUBE" 4768 " equivalents per cubic metre" "eq m-3" "eq/m3" "NOM_DIM_X_EQUIV_PER_M_CUBE" 4800 " equivalents per litre" "eq l-1" "eq/L" "NOM_DIM_X_EQUIV_PER_L" 4832 " equivalents per millilitre" "eq ml-1" "eq/mL" "NOM_DIM_X_EQUIV_PER_ML" 4864 "NM-1 (substance content)" " osmoles per kilogram" "osmol kg-1" "osm/kg" "NOM_DIM_X_OSM_PER_KG" 4896 " mole(s) per kilogram" "mol kg-1" "mol/kg" "NOM_DIM_X_MOLE_PER_KG" 4928 "NT-1 (substance rate)" " mole(s) per second" "mol s-1" "mol/s" "NOM_DIM_X_MOLE_PER_SEC" 4960 " mole(s) per minute" "mol min-1" "mol/min" "NOM_DIM_X_MOLE_PER_MIN" 4992 " mole(s) per hour" "mol h-1" "mol/h" "NOM_DIM_X_MOLE_PER_HR" 5024 " mole(s) per day" "mol d-1" "mol/d" "NOM_DIM_X_MOLE_PER_DAY" 5056 " equivalents per second" "eq s-1" "eq/s" "NOM_DIM_X_EQUIV_PER_SEC" 5088 " equivalents per minute" "eq min-1" "eq/min" "NOM_DIM_X_EQUIV_PER_MIN" 5120 " equivalents per hour" "eq h-1" "eq/h" "NOM_DIM_X_EQUIV_PER_HR" 5152 " equivalents per day" "eq d-1" "eq/d" "NOM_DIM_X_EQUIV_PER_DAY" 5184 "NT-1M-1 (subst. fraction rate, dosage)" " mole(s) per kilogram per second" "mol kg-1 s-1" "mol/kg/s" "NOM_DIM_X_MOLE_PER_KG_PER_SEC" 5216 " mole(s) per kilogram per minute" "mol kg-1 min-1" "mol/kg/min" "NOM_DIM_X_MOLE_PER_KG_PER_MIN" 5248 " mole(s) per kilogram per hour" "mol kg-1 h-1" "mol/kg/h" "NOM_DIM_X_MOLE_PER_KG_PER_HR" 5280 " mole(s) per kilogram per day" "mol kg-1 d-1" "mol/kg/d" "NOM_DIM_X_MOLE_PER_KG_PER_DAY" 5312 " equivalents per kilogram per second" "eq kg-1 s-1" "eq/kg/s" "NOM_DIM_X_EQUIV_PER_KG_PER_SEC" 5344 " equivalents per kilogram per minute" "eq kg-1 min-1" "eq/kg/min" "NOM_DIM_X_EQUIV_PER_KG_PER_MIN" 5376 " equivalents per kilogram per hour" "eq kg-1 h-1" "eq/kg/h" "NOM_DIM_X_EQUIV_PER_KG_PER_HR" 5408 " equivalents per kilogram per day" "eq kg-1 d-1" "eq/kg/d" "NOM_DIM_X_EQUIV_PER_KG_PER_DAY" 5440 "International Unit" " international unit" "i.u." "[iU]" "NOM_DIM_X_INTL_UNIT" 5472 "- concentration" " international units per cubic centimetre" "i.u. cm-3" "[iU]/cm3" "NOM_DIM_X_INTL_UNIT_PER_CM_CUBE" 5504 " international units per cubic meter" "i.u. m-3" "[iU]/m3" "NOM_DIM_X_INTL_UNIT_PER_M_CUBE" 5536 " international units per litre" "i.u. l-1" "[iU]/L" "NOM_DIM_X_INTL_UNIT_PER_L" 5568 " international units per millilitre" "i.u. ml-1" "[iU]/mL" "NOM_DIM_X_INTL_UNIT_PER_ML" 5600 "- mass flow rate" " international units per second" "i.u. s-1" "[iU]/s" "NOM_DIM_X_INTL_UNIT_PER_SEC" 5632 " international units per minute" "i.u. min-1" "[iU]/min" "NOM_DIM_X_INTL_UNIT_PER_MIN" 5664 " international units per hour" "i.u. h-1" "[iU]/h" "NOM_DIM_X_INTL_UNIT_PER_HR" 5696 " international units per day" "i.u. d-1" "[iU]/d" "NOM_DIM_X_INTL_UNIT_PER_DAY" 5728 "- dosage" " int. units per kilogram per second" "i.u. kg-1 s-1" "[iU]/kg/s" "NOM_DIM_X_INTL_UNIT_PER_KG_PER_SEC" 5760 " int. units per kilogram per minute" "i.u. kg-1 min-1" "[iU]/kg/m" "NOM_DIM_X_INTL_UNIT_PER_KG_PER_MIN" 5792 " int. units per kilogram per hour" "i.u. kg-1 h-1" "[iU]/kg/h" "NOM_DIM_X_INTL_UNIT_PER_KG_PER_HR" 5824 " int. units per kilogram per day" "i.u. kg-1 d-1" "[iU]/kg/d" "NOM_DIM_X_INTL_UNIT_PER_KG_PER_DAY" 5856 "Units for Specific Measurements" "- Lung Resistance" "centimetre of water per litre per second" "cmH2O l-1s-1" "cm[H20]/L/s" "NOM_DIM_CM_H2O_PER_L_PER_SEC" 5920 "- HF Transport Coefficient" " litre squared per second" "l2s-1" "L2/s" "NOM_DIM_X_L_SQ_PER_SEC" 5952 "- ratio of paO2 to FIO2" "centimetre of water per percent" "cmH2O %-1" "cm[H20]/%" "NOM_DIM_CM_H2O_PER_PERCENT" 5984 "- ratio of paO2 to FIO2" "millimetre(s) of mercury per percent" "mmHg %-1" "mm[Hg]/%" "NOM_DIM_MM_HG_PER_PERCENT" 6176 "- ratio of paO2 to FIO2" " pascal per percent" "Pa %-1" "Pa/%" "NOM_DIM_X_PA_PER_PERCENT" 6208 "- Pulmonary/ Systemic Vascular Resistance Index" "dyne seconds per square meter per centimetre to the power of 5" "dyne s m-2 cm-5" "dyn/m2/cm5" "NOM_DIM_DYNE_SEC_PER_M_SQ_PER_CM_5" 6016 "MISSING FROM IEEE" "thermal calories" "cal" "nutritional calories" "Err:501" "[Cal]"